Natural Versus Synthetic Clothing Fibers - What's the Difference?
Clothing fibers come in two types: natural and synthetic, and each one has its advantages and disadvantages. If you’re an environmentally conscious consumer, you probably already have your own opinions about which type of clothing fiber is best, but let’s break down the main differences between natural and synthetic fibers and discuss some of the main pros and cons of each type of fiber to help you make the best decision for yourself.
For tips on washing different fabrics, check out this blog post!
Before delving into natural versus synthetic fibers, it’s important to understand what clothing fibers are. A fiber is simply a single thread of material that can be spun into yarn and woven, knitted or braided into fabric. Yarns and fabrics are used to make clothes. There are two types of fibers: natural and synthetic.
Natural Fibers
Hemp clothing, cotton clothing, and bamboo clothing all have one thing in common: they’re textiles made from natural fibers. Natural fibers—those that are derived from renewable sources like plants—are increasingly being touted for their eco-friendliness. They’re also known for their softness and versatility.
Due to their limited availability, prices for natural fabrics tend to be higher than those for their synthetic counterparts. There are advantages, however. Because most natural fibers come from renewable resources they produce less waste while creating sustainable clothing options. They’re breathable—wicking moisture away from your body instead of absorbing it into a material that holds onto heat—so you stay cool and comfortable during exercise or every day wear. They also absorb odors well which makes laundering much less frequent and preserves longevity.
Natural fibers are made from plant-based cellulose, as opposed to synthetic fibers, which are manufactured. But, they aren’t necessarily better for the environment: It takes hundreds of gallons of water to produce a small amount of cotton and cotton crops heavily rely on pesticides. The manufacturing process itself also negatively impacts nature: Cotton production is a contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Synthetics tend to last longer than natural fabrics and require less energy to manufacture. But, are synthetics really better?
Synthetic Fibers
Modern textile manufacturing uses a large variety of synthetic fibers (many types derived from petroleum) to make clothing. These materials, like nylon and polyester, are cheaper than natural fabrics like cotton and wool. These man-made fibers can be produced cheaply in large quantities.
While synthetic fibers are easier to work with and can be more affordable, they also have downsides. While natural fibers wick moisture away from your skin, synthetic fibers tend to hold it in—and feel quite hot and sweaty as a result. On the environmental side, synthetic fibers are very harmful. Synthetic fibers do not biodegrade and will persist in landfills and oceans for decades or centuries. Many plastic-based synthetics deteriorate into micro plastics that can pollute waterways and be harmful to animals.
Which is Better?
There really is no simple answer to which type of fiber is better. Both types have pros and cons and both are harmful to the environment in their own way. Ultimately, the best thing you can do is reduce the amount of clothing you buy to lessen your impact, whether you buy synthetic or natural garments. It also can’t hurt to do some research into the places you buy clothes from to learn more about their manufacturing processes and what they are doing to lessen their environmental footprint.
For more resources on sustainable fashion, check out this guide.
